sylvatica and could be favored by increasingly warmer conditions. ilex is a strong competitor at sites currently dominated by F. ilex to climate likely reflects the uptake of deep water that allowed it to benefit from the effect of CO 2 fertilization, in contrast to the water-limited F. Furthermore, tree-ring δ 18O decreased in Q. In contrast to many previous studies, relative humidity was not negatively correlated with tree-ring δ 18O but had a positive effect on Q. Tree-ring δ 18O for both species were mostly correlated with δ 18O in the source water. sylvatica was proportional to the increase in atmospheric CO 2. ilex growth rates were associated with high temperatures, which have increased carbon discrimination rates in the last 25 years. ilex, which were an order of magnitude higher than those in nearby drier sites. sylvatica growth rates were similar to those of other southern populations and were surprisingly not higher than those of Q. We used tree-ring widths and δ 13C and δ 18O chronologies to compare the growth rates and long-term ecophysiological responses to climate in the temperate-Mediterranean ecotone formed by the deciduous Fagus sylvatica and the evergreen Quercus ilex at the low altitudinal and southern latitudinal limit of F. Competition between tree species in forest ecotones will likely be strongly influenced by the ecophysiological responses to heat and drought. The entity in charge of personal data processing is: ECOTONE: refers to the simplified joint stock company ECOTONE registered in the Lyon Trade and Companies Register under number B 970 502 761, its registered office is at 217 chemin du Grand Revoyet 69230 SAINT GENIS LAVAL. Studies have focused on the climatic sensitivity of the retreating species, whereas little is known about the potential replacements. Tree populations at the low-altitudinal or -latitudinal limits of species' distributional ranges are predicted to retreat toward higher altitudes and latitudes to track the ongoing changes in climate.
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